Torbat-e Heydarieh ( fa, تربت حيدريه, also

Romanized Romanization or romanisation, in linguistics, is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and ...

as Torbat-e Ḩeydarīyeh; also known as Torbat-e Heydari, Turbat-i-Haidari, Torbate Heydari, and Turbet-i-Haidari, and for short Torbat) is a city and capital of

Torbat-e Heydarieh County Torbat-e Heydarieh County ( fa, شهرستان تربت حیدریه, ''Šahrestâne Torbate Heydarie'') is located in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. The capital of the county is Torbat-e Heydarieh. At the 2006 census, the county's population ...

, in Razavi Khorasan Province,

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

. At the 2006 census, its population was 119,360, in 31,869 families. The closest major city to Torbat is

Mashhad Mashhad ( fa, مشهد, Mašhad ), also spelled Mashad, is the List of Iranian cities by population, second-most-populous city in Iran, located in the relatively remote north-east of the country about from Tehran. It serves as the capital of R ...

and it is 157 Kilometers away. The name ''Torbat'' in

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

means '' Burial place'', thus the name of the city means ''Burial Place of Heydar'' named after

Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar was a Persian Sufi saint and Malāmatī- Qalāndārī Sheikh, of possible Turkic origin, and is buried in Zava, Khurasan. Qazvini, author of the ''Tarikh-i guzida'', states Haydar was alive at the time of the Mongol invas ...

Sufi Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...

mystic whose tomb lies in the heart of the city. In ancient times this city was known as Zaveh and in the 19th century it was known as ''Torbat-e Ishaq Khan'' or ''Torbat-e Isa Khan'' after Ishaq Khan Qaraei the powerful chief of the local

Qarai Turks The Karai or Qarai Turks are a Turkic minority mostly found in Khorasan and Iran especially Torbat-e Heydarieh. At the start of the Qajar dynasty, Qarai Turks were also scattered even beyond southern Khorasan through the desert zone of Sist ...

who ruled as a semi-autonomous governor of Torbat-e Heydarieh from 1775 to 1816. It derives its present name from the ''turbet'' or tomb of a holy man named Kutb ed din Haidar, the founder of the ascetic sect of dervishes known as the Haidaris. He died c. 1230 and is buried in a large domed building a short distance outside the town. The city is located in the center of Razavi Khorasan province in Iran. This city is famous for its Zafaran (

Saffron Saffron () is a spice derived from the flower of ''Crocus sativus'', commonly known as the "saffron crocus". The vivid crimson stigma and styles, called threads, are collected and dried for use mainly as a seasoning and colouring agent i ...

) fields. Torbat-e Heydarieh is the world's largest

(or ''Zafaran'' in

) producer hence the nickname "Capital of the Red Gold of Iran" has been given to it.

History

Following the

Mongol invasion of Iran The Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia ( fa, حمله مغول به خوارزمشاهیان) took place between 1219 and 1221, as troops of the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan invaded the lands of the Khwarazmian Empire in Central Asia. The cam ...

, the people of Zaveh (Old Torbat) were the first victims of the Mongol invasion. At the same time, Qutbuddin Haidar, a famous sixth-century mystic who had long resided in the city of Zaveh, died. Torbat-e Heydarieh became a city after the

Safavid Safavid Iran or Safavid Persia (), also referred to as the Safavid Empire, '. was one of the greatest Iranian empires after the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Persia, which was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty. It is often conside ...

period. In fact, the city flourished about two hundred years ago, during the reign of Ishaq Khan Qaraei, one of the Khans and political figures of the

Qajar era Qajar Iran (), also referred to as Qajar Persia, the Qajar Empire, '. Sublime State of Persia, officially the Sublime State of Iran ( fa, دولت علیّه ایران ') and also known then as the Guarded Domains of Iran ( fa, ممالک م ...

. Ishaq Khan renovated and developed the city and it created such a massive change in the city that this city has become known as Ishaq Khan Torbat for a long time. Prior to World War II, the

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...

and

Russian Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: *Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...

consulates were located in Torbat-e Heydarieh, in the Bagh-e-Soltani area of the city, indicating the city's political and economic importance at the time.

Language and people

The people of Torbat Heydariyeh speak Persian and Khorasani dialect. The

dialect The term dialect (from Latin , , from the Ancient Greek word , 'discourse', from , 'through' and , 'I speak') can refer to either of two distinctly different types of Linguistics, linguistic phenomena: One usage refers to a variety (linguisti ...

of the people of Torbat Heydariyeh is very close to the dialect of other cities of Khorasan, especially the dialect of Mashhad. Books of poems with Torbati accent such as Samandar Khan Salar written by Ali Akbar Abbasi Fahandari and also Torbati shout by Mohammad Ghahraman have been written.

Population

According to the general census of 2016, the population of this city was 140,019 people (in 43,029 households), which in this regard is ranked fourth in the province. The total population of Torbat Heydariyeh is 224,626 people. Until 1372, the city of Torbat Heydariyeh had the second largest population in the province of

Greater Khorasan Greater Khorāsān,Dabeersiaghi, Commentary on Safarnâma-e Nâsir Khusraw, 6th Ed. Tehran, Zavvâr: 1375 (Solar Hijri Calendar) 235–236 or Khorāsān ( pal, Xwarāsān; fa, خراسان ), is a historical eastern region in the Iranian Plate ...

after Mashhad, which was divided into 5 cities, making its population rank reduced.

Universities and higher education centers

Torbat Heydariyeh in recent years as a university hub in Khorasan Razavi, has good higher education facilities. Torbat Heydariyeh Higher Education Centers are: Islamic Azad University Torbat Heydarieh Torbat Heydariyeh University Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences

Mines and industries

Torbat Heydariyeh has two industrial towns and the most important industrial production units of the city include Torbat Heydariyeh Sugar Factory, Zarmehr Gold, Zarrin Tile, Kaolin Factory, also products such as milk and

dairies A dairy is a business enterprise established for the harvesting or processing (or both) of animal milk – mostly from cows or buffaloes, but also from goats, sheep, horses, or camels – for human consumption. A dairy is typically located on a ...

, flour, cumin and

cotton gin A cotton gin—meaning "cotton engine"—is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, enabling much greater productivity than manual cotton separation.. Reprinted by McGraw-Hill, New York and London, 1926 (); a ...

, animal feed and silk works are also produced in Torbat.

Climate

Photo gallery

File:مزار قطب الدین و مسجد از زاویه دیگر.jpg, Tomb of Qutb ab-Din Haydar File:Saffronfarm-860808.jpg,

harvesting, Torbat-e Heydarieh,

File:محراب و سقف مقبره قطب الدین حیدر.jpg, Altar and roof of Ghotboddin Heydar's Tomb - Photo by Jalal Mirzaei File:Hesar torbat iran.jpg, Hesar River in Torbat File:860631-Pistachio-IMG 6862-2.jpg, alt=Pistachio tree,

Pistachio The pistachio (, ''Pistacia vera''), a member of the cashew family, is a small tree originating from Central Asia and the Middle East. The tree produces seeds that are widely consumed as food. ''Pistacia vera'' is often confused with other sp ...

farm, Torbat-e Heydarieh, Razavi Khorasan Province,

. File:Rudmajan2.jpg, Traditional clothing in Rud Majan of Torbat File:Mahne - Torbat-e Heydarieh 11.JPG, Village of Mahne, Torbat-e Heydarieh County, Mah Welat, Razavi Khorasan Province File:860808-Saffronfarm-01-IMG 7707-2.jpg, Saffron Farm, Torbat-e-Heydarieh, Razavi Khorasan,

File:860808-Saffronfarm-07-IMG 7888-2.jpg, Saffron Farm, Torbat-e-Heydarieh, Razavi Khorasan,

File:860808-Saffronfarm-09-IMG 8077-2.jpg, Saffron Farm, Torbat-e-Heydarieh, Razavi Khorasan,

File:Saffron-IMG 6644-2.jpg, Saffron File:860808-Saffronfarm-04-IMG 7840-2.jpg, Saffron Farm, Torbat-e-Heydarieh, Razavi Khorasan,

File:860808-Saffronfarm-10-IMG 8033-2.jpg, Saffron Farm, Torbat-e-Heydarieh, Razavi Khorasan,

File:860808-Saffronfarm-03-IMG 7821-2.jpg, Saffron Farm, Torbat-e-Heydarieh, Razavi Khorasan,

File:860800-Torbat-SaffronFarm-IMG 7983.jpg, Saffron Farm, Torbat-e-Heydarieh, Razavi Khorasan,

File:860800-Torbat-SaffronFarm-IMG 7935.jpg, Saffron Farm, Torbat-e-Heydarieh, Razavi Khorasan,

File:860800-Torbat-SaffronFarm-IMG 7883.jpg, Saffron Farm, Torbat-e-Heydarieh, Razavi Khorasan,

File:860808-Saffronfarm-08-IMG 7959-2.jpg, Saffron Farm, Torbat-e-Heydarieh, Razavi Khorasan,

File:860631-Pistachio-IMG 6869-2.jpg, Pistachio farm, Torbat-e-Heydarieh, Razavi Khorasan,

File:860603-Pistachio-IMG 6630-2.jpg, Dried pistachios, Iran

Notable people

Mahmoud Shehabi Khorassani Mahmoud Shehabi Khorassani ( fa, محمود شهابی خراسانی, french: Mahmoud Chehabi Khorassani). was a lawyer, philosopher, jurist, and a professor emeritus at the University of Tehran in the Pahlavi Dynasty era. He was well versed in d ...

,born 1903 in Torbat-e Heydarieh, died in 1986 in

Mulhouse Mulhouse (; Alsatian language, Alsatian: or , ; ; meaning ''Mill (grinding), mill house'') is a city of the Haut-Rhin Departments of France, department, in the Grand Est Regions of France, region, eastern France, close to the France–Switzerl ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

; a lawyer, a high-ranking philosopher and one of the most famous and eminent jurists of the

Pahlavi era The Pahlavi dynasty ( fa, دودمان پهلوی) was the last Iranian royal dynasty, ruling for almost 54 years between 1925 and 1979. The dynasty was founded by Reza Shah Pahlavi, a non-aristocratic Mazanderani soldier in modern times, who ...

. He was a distinguished and emeritus professor at the

University of Tehran The University of Tehran (Tehran University or UT, fa, دانشگاه تهران) is the most prominent university located in Tehran, Iran. Based on its historical, socio-cultural, and political pedigree, as well as its research and teaching pro ...

Laleh Eskandari Lale or Laleh may refer to: Geography * Laleh, Iran, a village in Kurdistan Province, Iran * Lale, Bulgaria, a village in Southern Bulgaria Given names Lale * Lale Akgün (born 1953), Turkish-German politician (SPD) * Lale Andersen (1905–1972 ...

, born 1975 in Torbat-e Heydarieh; an

ian

actress An actor or actress is a person who portrays a Character (arts), character in a performance. The actor performs "in the flesh" in the traditional medium of the theatre or in modern media such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek ...

* Reza Rafi, born August 1968 in Torbat-e Heydarieh; an

ian writer, satirist, journalist, and showman * Saeed Soheili, born 1959 in Torbat-e Heydarieh; an

ian director and script writer *

Setareh Eskandari Setareh Eskandari ( fa , ستاره اسکندری; also Romanized as "Setāreh Eskandari", ; born June 15, 1974) is an Iranian stage, movie, and TV actress. She is mostly known for her parts in TV series since 1994, especially the TV series ''Nar ...

, born 15 June 1974 in Torbat-e Heydarieh; an

ian

References

Sources

* ''Tarikh-e Torbat-e Heydarieh: ba tekiye be naqshe Ishaq Khan Qaraei'', Mohammad Qaneyi *

External links

Official Website of Torbat-e Heydarieh
{{DEFAULTSORT:Torbat-E Heydarieh Populated places in Torbat-e Heydarieh County Cities in Razavi Khorasan Province